Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 181-203, March 2025.
Human communication is inherently multimodal. Auditory speech, but also visual cues can be used to understand another talker. Most studies of audiovisual speech perception have focused on the perception of speech segments (i.e., speech sounds). However, ...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 204-228, March 2025.
Mandarin tone 3 sandhi refers to the phenomenon whereby a tone 3 syllable changes to a tone 2 when followed by another tone 3. This phonological process creates a deviation between the tonal forms realized at morphemic (/tone3—tone3/) and word ([tone2—...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 162-180, March 2025.
Previous research has shown that it is difficult for English speakers to distinguish the front rounded vowels /y/ and /ø/ from the back rounded vowels /u/ and /o/. In this study, we examine the effect of noise on this perceptual difficulty. In an Oddity ...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 63-86, March 2025.
Linguistic alignment, the tendency of speakers to share common linguistic features during conversations, has emerged as a key area of research in computer-supported collaborative learning. While previous studies have shown that linguistic alignment can ...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 100-117, March 2025.
In Modern Hebrew, only three segmental markers are typically acknowledged as ethnically conditioned, and usage of these markers has significantly decreased in second and third generation speakers. Yet the sociolinguistic situation of diverging language ...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 3-35, March 2025.
The starting-small effect is a cognitive advantage in language acquisition when learners begin by generalizing on regularities from structurally simple and shorter tokens in a skewed input distribution. Our study explored this effect as a potential ...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 229-243, March 2025.
Fundamental frequency (F0) has been widely studied and used in the context of speaker discrimination and forensic voice comparison casework, but most previous studies focused on long-term F0 statistics. Lexical tone, the linguistically structured and ...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 36-62, March 2025.
Research on fluency in native (L1) and non-native (L2) speech production and perception helps us understand how individual L1 speaking style might affect perceived L2 fluency and how this relationship might be reflected in L1 versus L2 oral assessment. ...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 118-140, March 2025.
The study aimed to examine whether L1 speech rhythm affects L2 speech by assessing how the speech rhythm of Japanese L2 English speakers differed from native speakers. We chose Japanese and English because they differ markedly in the phonological ...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 87-99, March 2025.
With forensic recordings being collected in multiple languages increasingly often, this study investigates the language dependency of the voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ in speakers of native (L1) Dutch and non-native (L2) English. Due to phonetic ...

Language and Speech, Volume 68, Issue 1, Page 141-161, March 2025.
The relationship between speaking rate and speech motor variability was examined in three groups of neurotypical adults,n= 40; 15 young adults (18–30 years), 13 adults (31–40 years), and 12 middle-aged adults (41–50 years). Participants completed a ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
In English, the pronunciation of a vowel digraph can vary; for example,eais pronounced /ɛ/ inbreadbut /i/ inbeachand /eɪ/ inbreak. We investigated participant-level effects on the pronunciation of ambiguous vowel digraphs in nonwords (e.g.,yeath) ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Word complexity indices, such as the Index of Phonetic Complexity (IPC) and the Word Complexity Measure (WCM), code a word in terms of featural and structural properties that pose difficulty in phonological development. Studies have investigated the ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
The goal of this article is to illustrate the use of MRI for exploring bi- and multi-lingual articulatory strategies. One male and one female speaker recorded sets of static midsagittal MRIs of the whole vocal tract, producing vowels as well as consonants ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
This paper presents L2 vowel remediation in a classroom setting via two real-time visual feedback methods: articulatory ultrasound tongue imaging, which shows tongue shape and position, and a newly developed acoustic formant analyzer, which visualizes a ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
This study investigated how input modes (reading vs. listening) and learners’ perceptual learning style (visual vs. auditory) affected the incidental learning of collocations. A total of 182 college students were first assigned to either a visual or ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Research with nonnative speech spans many different linguistic branches and topics. Most studies include one or a few well-known features of a particular accent. However, due to a lack of empirical studies, little is known about how common these features ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Researchers investigating a broad array of questions in spoken language prosody routinely base their arguments on measurements taken from the F0 contours of representative speech samples. These analyses, however, frequently involve abstracting F0 contours ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
We sought to examine the contribution of visual cues, such as lipreading, in the identification of familiar (words) and unfamiliar (phonemes) words in terms of percent accuracy. For that purpose, in this retrospective study, we presented lists of words ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Kiezdeutsch is a multiethnolectal variety of German spoken by young people from multicultural communities that exhibits lexical, syntactic, and phonetic differences from standard German. A rather salient and pervasive feature of this variety is the ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
/n/ is merging with /l/ in Cantonese, as well as in several other Chinese languages. The Cantonese merger appears categorical, with /n/ becoming /l/ syllable-initially. This project aims to describe /n/ and /l/ in Cantonese and English speech from early ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
This study investigates the emergence of prepositions in Hebrew-speaking children aged 2;6–6;0 years, analyzing a peer talk corpus of 75 children across five age groups. Across 45-minute triadic conversations, we examined the distributions, semantic ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Young children often produce non-target-like word forms in which non-adjacent consonants share a major place of articulation (e.g., [gɔgi] “doggy”). Termed child consonant harmony (CCH), this phenomenon has garnered considerable attention in the ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Encoding and establishing a new second-language (L2) phonological category is notoriously difficult. This is particularly true for phonological contrasts that do not exist in the learners’ native language (L1). Phonological categories that also exist in ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
The present study examines the perceptual salience of tonal speech errors compared with segmental errors (consonant and vowel). Tonal errors are observed less often than segmental errors. We thus hypothesize that tone errors are more easily ignored during ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Adapting one’s speaking style is particularly crucial as children start interacting with diverse conversational partners in various communication contexts. The study investigated the capacity of preschool children aged 3–5 years (n= 28) to modify their ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Research in the last few decades has examined the intersection between phonetics and politeness in multiple languages. While most of the studies have analyzed the role of politeness on suprasegmental features (i.e., pitch or duration), few have considered ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Arabic are known for having a non-concatenative morphology: words are typically built of a combination of a consonantal root, typically tri-consonantal (e.g., k-t-b “related to writing” in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)),...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
This study investigated the role of systematicity in word learning, focusing on Semitic morpho-phonology where words exhibit multiple levels of systematicity. Building upon previous research on phonological templates, we explored how systematicity based ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Previous studies have demonstrated that focus significantly alters sentential prosody in Persian. However, research on the phonetic realization of non-corrective narrow focus is scarce compared to that on broad and corrective focus. This paper presents a ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Whispering is a common adverse hearing condition. However, it is still unclear whether older adults have more difficulty perceiving emotions in whispered speech, and whether hearing loss contributes to these difficulties. To fill this research gap, we ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
This study investigates the sound system of heritage speakers (henceforth, HSs) as they shift dominance from their heritage language to their majority language. Specifically, it analyzes the production of intrusive vowels in Spanish consonant clusters ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Segment-to-segment timing overlap between Vowel-Nasal gestures in /VN/ sequences varies cross-linguistically. However, how bilinguals may adjust those timing gestures is still unanswered. Regarding timing strategies in a second language (L2), research ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
The present study extends previous research reporting that orthographic forms, such as the use of a single letter or two letters to indicate the same sound, affect sound duration in second-language (L2) production. Native-language (L1) Korean L2 English ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
In many English varieties, /l/ is produced differently in onsets and codas. Compared with “light” syllable-initial realizations, “dark” syllable-final variants involve reduced tongue tip-alveolar ridge contact and a raised/retracted tongue dorsum. We ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
This study examines how L1 English-L2 French learners use L1 articulatory and acoustic categories to produce L2 vowels that are both similar to and different from their L1 vowels. Previous studies examining the relationship between L1 and L2 sound ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Research has indicated that second-language learners have difficulty producing geminates accurately. Previous studies have also shown an effect of orthography on second-language speech production. We tested whether the existence of a contrast in the first ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
This study examined the second language (L2) speech development of a group of Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) college-level learners (N= 83) and the association between their aptitude, anxiety, and L2 speech development. The performance of ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Listeners adjust their perception of sound categories when confronted with variations in speech. Previous research on speech recalibration has primarily focused on segmental variation, demonstrating that recalibration tends to be specific to individual ...

Language and Speech, Ahead of Print.
Sound correspondences (SCs) have been found to be learnable phonological patterns in second dialect acquisition. Cross-linguistically, SCs consist of similar as well as distinct variants. However, in the study of SC learning, the effect of the similarity ...